NFPA 99, Health Care Facilities Code

NFPA^® 99 Health Care Facilities Code, 2021 Edition

Chapter 1 Administration

1.1 Scope.
1.2 Purpose.
1.3 Application.
1.4 Equivalency.
1.5 Units.
1.6 Code Adoption Requirements.

Chapter 2 Referenced Publications

2.1 General.
2.2 NFPA Publications.
2.3 Other Publications.
2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections.

Chapter 3 Definitions

3.1 General.
3.2 NFPA Official Definitions.
3.3 General Definitions.
3.4 BICSI Definitions.

Chapter 4 Fundamentals

4.1 Risk Categories.
4.2 Risk Assessment.
4.3 Application.
4.4 Materials.

Chapter 5 Gas and Vacuum Systems

5.1 Category 1 Piped Gas and Vacuum Systems.
5.2 Category 2 Piped Gas and Vacuum Systems.
5.3 Category 3 Piped Gas and Vacuum Systems.

Chapter 6 Electrical Systems

6.1 Applicability.
6.2 Nature of Hazards.
6.3 General.
6.4 Category 1 Spaces.
6.5 Category 2 Spaces.
6.6 Category 3 and 4 Spaces.
6.7 Essential Electrical Systems.
6.8 Site Acceptance Testing.
6.9 Electrical Preventive Maintenance (EPM).
6.10 Health Care Microgrids.
6.11 Classification of Emergency Power Supply Systems (EPSSs).

Chapter 7 Information Technology and Communications Systems

7.1 Applicability.
7.2 Reserved.
7.3 Category 1 Systems.
7.4 Category 2 Systems.
7.5 Category 3 Systems.

Chapter 8 Plumbing

8.1 Applicability.
8.2 System Category Criteria.
8.3 General Requirements.
8.4 Category 1. (Reserved)
8.5 Category 2. (Reserved)
8.6 Category 3. (Reserved)

Chapter 9 Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC)

9.1 Applicability.
9.2 System Category Criteria.
9.3 General.
9.4 Category 1. (Reserved)
9.5 Category 2. (Reserved)
9.6 Category 3. (Reserved)

Chapter 10 Electrical Equipment

10.1 Applicability.
10.2 Performance Criteria for Patient Care–Related Electrical Appliances and Equipment.
10.3 Testing Requirements — Patient Care–Related Electrical Appliances and Equipment.
10.4 Nonpatient Electrical Appliances and Equipment.
10.5 Administration.

Chapter 11 Gas Equipment

11.1 Applicability.
11.2 Portable Cylinder and Container Source.
11.3 Cylinder and Container Storage Requirements.
11.4 Performance Criteria and Testing.
11.5 Administration.
11.6 Operation and Management of Cylinders.
11.7 Liquid Oxygen Equipment.

Chapter 12 Emergency Management

12.1 Applicability. 
12.2 Responsibilities.
12.3 Emergency Management Categories.
12.4 General.
12.5 Emergency Management Category 1 and Emergency Management Category 2 Requirements.

Chapter 13 Security Management

13.1 Applicability.
13.2 Security Management Plan.
13.3 Security Vulnerability Assessment (SVA).
13.4 Responsible Person.
13.5 Security-Sensitive Areas.
13.6 Access and Egress Security Measures.
13.7 Media Control.
13.8 Crowd Control.
13.9 Access Control Equipment.
13.10 Employment Practices.
13.11 Security Operations.
13.12 Program Evaluation.

Chapter 14 Hyperbaric Facilities

14.1 Scope.
14.2 Construction and Equipment.
14.3 Administration and Maintenance.

Chapter 15 Dental Gas and Vacuum Systems

15.1 Applicability.
15.2 Nature of Hazards of Gas and Vacuum Systems.
15.3 Category 1 Dental Gas and Vacuum Systems.
15.4 Category 2 Dental Gas and Vacuum Systems.
15.5 Category 3 Dental Gas and Vacuum Systems.

Chapter 16 Features of Fire Protection

16.1 Applicability.
16.2 Construction and Compartmentation.
16.3 Special Hazard Protection for Flammable Liquids and Gases.
16.4 Laboratories.
16.5 Utilities.
16.6 Waste Chutes, Incinerators, and Linen Chutes.
16.7 Fire Detection, Alarm, and Communications Systems.
16.8 Heliports.
16.9 Automatic Sprinklers and Other Extinguishing Equipment.
16.10 Manual Extinguishing Equipment.
16.11 Compact Storage.
16.12 Compact Mobile Storage.
16.13 Maintenance and Testing.
16.14 Fire Loss Prevention in Operating Rooms.

Annex A Explanatory Material
Annex B Additional Explanatory Notes
Annex C Sample Ordinance Adopting NFPA 99
Annex D Informational References

THE NFPA HANDBOOKS DIFFER FROM CODES AND STANDARDS

Ever wonder what the difference is between an NFPA^® handbook and a code or standard? We’re glad you asked.

NFPA codes and standards both provide requirements for achieving outcomes. Handbooks take a deeper dive, providing the full text of a code or standard as well as expert commentary and features such as graphics, decision trees, testing procedures, case studies, sample forms and checklists, and other helpful aids to give a better understanding of the reasoning behind the requirements and how to apply them.

JUST REMEMBER:

• A code or standard is a framework—a set of rules to follow with a goal to achieve a certain result
• A handbook is a connector—linking requirements to application by helping you understand the reasoning behind a code or standard

The simplest way to think about it is that codes and standards list the technical requirements while handbooks explain those requirements to clarify how to apply them.

2018 Edition

The 2018 edition of NFPA 99, Health Care Facilities Code makes performance criteria more usable, enforceable, and adoptable.

A must-have resource for everyone involved in health care safety, NFPA 99, Health Care Facilities Code provides performance criteria for health care facilities that follow a risk-based approach, where it is the risk posed to patients and staff, not the type of building, that defines safety guidelines. Provisions govern installation, inspection, testing, maintenance, performance, and safe practices for facilities, material, equipment, and appliances -- including medical gas and vacuum systems.

Major changes in the 2018 edition broaden the Code's scope and help you work more efficiently to ensure health care safety:

• Requirements addressing the risk assessment in Chapter 4 have been revised to clarify the responsibility for conducting a risk assessment and determining risk categories.
• Chapter 5 includes requirements that now allow for the use of oxygen concentrators as central supply sources for piped medical gas systems.
• Corrugated medical tubing is now a permitted material for medical gas and vacuum systems.
• Chapter 6 is completely reorganized to group related requirements, allowing for the deletion of duplicated requirements for different types of EES.
• Chapter 7 now includes requirements for wireless phone and paging integration as well as for clinical information systems.
• Chapter 14 compiles all of the requirements for inspection, testing, and maintenance for hyperbaric facilities into one section.
• A new Chapter 15, Dental Gas and Vacuum Piping Systems is dedicated to the application of piped gas and vacuum systems for these systems that do not always readily fall under the requirements for medical gas and vacuum as addressed in Chapter 5.
• Requirements for fire extinguisher selection are included in Chapter 16 for spaces unique to health care facilities.

Keep health care facilities up-to-code and patients and staff safe.

Update now. NFPA 99 users include contractors, engineers, facility managers, AHJs, plumbers, gas and vacuum system installers, security personnel, insurance companies, and manufacturers. (Print, 207 pp., 2018)

2015 Edition

Building on its successful risk-based approach, the 2015 edition of NFPA 99, Health Care Facilities Code improves usability for better health care safety.

The 2015 edition NFPA 99, Health Care Facilities Code provides performance criteria for health care facilities that builds on the risk-based approach introduced in the 2012 NFPA 99, where it is the risk posed to patients and staff, not the type of building, that defines safety guidelines. Provisions govern installation, inspection, testing, maintenance, performance, and safe practices for facilities, material, equipment, and appliances -- including medical gas and vacuum systems formerly found in NFPA 99C*.

Major changes in the 2015 NFPA 99 make performance criteria more usable, enforceable, and adoptable:

• Requirements correlate with the 2014 NFPA 70®, National Electrical Code®.
• New provisions address using fuel cell systems for backup power, allowing the use of new technology while ensuring the same minimum level of safety.
• Type 3 Essential Electrical System requirements have been removed from NFPA 99 -- deferring to other codes for required egress lighting.
• Updated requirements for nurse call systems incorporate widely used terminology and align with the Facility Guidelines Institute (FGI).

Other revisions respond to new information and the evolving industry.

• Rewritten Category 3 Medical Gas and Vacuum Systems provisions are aligned with the requirements for Category 1 and 2 Systems, with requirements specific to dental drive gas and dental vacuum systems.
• First-time requirements for oxygen-concentrator-based refilling systems reflect their increasing use in today's health care setting.

Keep health care facilities up-to-code and patients and staff safe.

The 2015 NFPA 99 is a must-have resource for everyone involved in health care safety including contractors, engineers, facility managers, AHJs, plumbers, gas and vacuum system installers, security personnel, insurance companies, and manufacturers. (Softbound, 207 pp., 2015)

Apply NFPA 99 to protect patients, staff, and visitors from the hazards of fire, explosion, and electricity in health care facilities.

Work confidently to provide safer health care facilities for all occupants. NFPA 99, Health Care Facilities Code responds to the challenges of an evolving health care system with comprehensive requirements for the installation, inspection, testing, maintenance, performance, and safe practices for facilities, material, equipment, and appliances -- including medical gas and vacuum systems formerly found in NFPA 99C*. It's a critical resource for engineers, facility managers, Authorities Having Jurisdiction (AHJs), plumbers, gas and vacuum system installers, designers, and verifiers, security personnel, insurance companies, and manufacturers.

The 2012 edition of NFPA 99, Health Care Facilities Code* reflects a new environment where it is the risk that a procedure poses to patients and staff, not the location where it is conducted, that defines safety guidelines. This groundbreaking edition has a new title -- Health Care Facilities Code -- and is rewritten to make performance criteria for health care facilities more enforceable and adoptable. In addition to the risk-based framework, this edition includes an updated Chapter 5, Gas and Vacuum Systems, including important changes to maintenance requirements necessary for safety. New chapters on security, fire protection, and information technology address industry needs. In another major change, operating rooms are considered a wet location unless a risk assessment of the area determines otherwise.

The 2005 edition of NFPA 99, Standard for Health Care Facilities features changes to the emergency management chapter to correlate with NFPA 1600®, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs. Extracted text from NFPA 110, Emergency and Standby Power Systems presents specific guidance in the chapter on electrical systems. Essential for plumbers, two new pipe joining methods in the chapter on gas and vacuum systems reduce the possibility of leaks and eliminate a potential fire danger or loss of system use. To improve safety, this edition also introduces additional restrictions on types of fabric, clothing, and materials that can be used in hyperbaric chambers. 

*Looking for NFPA 99C, Gas and Vacuum Systems?

Starting in 2012, NFPA 99C is no longer a stand-alone document. Instead, NFPA provides 3 options:

- Former NFPA 99C content can be found in Chapters 1-5 of NFPA 99.

- Access all of the former NFPA 99C medical gas and vacuum systems content in Chapters 1-5 of the NFPA 99 Handbook.

• NFPA®'s Medical Gas and Vacuum Systems Installation Handbook combines requirements for Category 1-3 systems with expert insights, examples, and visuals that help you understand and apply them correctly.

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